Piperine (1-Piperoylpiperidine) is an alkaloid isolated from black pepper, activating transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor (TRPV1; EC50 = 38 µM) and modulates GABAA receptors (EC50s = 43-60 µM). It is used in some traditional medicines. Piperine is used as a spicy raw material in the food industry and has a sterilization effect.