Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7), belongs to a class of Vitamin-K2 homologs, is originally discovered as the anti-hemorrhagic factors. It is identified as the most bioactive cofactor for the carboxylation reaction of Gla-proteins.Supplementation with Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7) is a pharmacological option for activating matrix Gla protein and intervening in the progression of calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS).

[1] Peeters FECM, et al. Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis and the Effect of Vitamin K2 on Calcification Using 18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance: The BASIK2 Rationale and Trial Design. Nutrients. 2018 Mar 21;10(4). pii: E386.

[2] Conly, J M., et al., 1994. The contribution of vitamin K2 (menaquinones) produced by the intestinal microflora to human nutritional requirements for vitamin K. The American journal of gastroenterology. 89(6): 915-23.

[3] Thijssen, H H., et al., 1994. Vitamin K distribution in rat tissues: dietary phylloquinone is a source of tissue menaquinone-4. The British journal of nutrition. 72(3): 415-25.