Glucosamine hydrochloride exhibits dose-dependent DPPH antioxidant activity and efficiently protected erythrocytes against free radicals. Glucosamine hydrochloride inhibits bone erosion and loss of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans.

[1] Khadijeh Jamialahmadi, Omid Arasteh, Maryam Matbou Riahi, Soghra Mehri, Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani, Gholamreza Karimi. Protective effects of glucosamine hydrochloride against free radical-induced erythrocytes damage. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Jul;38(1):212-9. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.05.018. Epub 2014 Jun 7.

[2] Ivanovska, N., and Dimitrova, P. Bone resorption and remodeling in murine collagenase-induced osteoarthritis after administration of glucosamine. Arthirits Res. Ther. 13(2), R44 (2011).